CCOA HOTTEST CERTIFICATION & CCOA ONLINE BOOTCAMPS

CCOA Hottest Certification & CCOA Online Bootcamps

CCOA Hottest Certification & CCOA Online Bootcamps

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ISACA Certified Cybersecurity Operations Analyst Sample Questions (Q130-Q135):

NEW QUESTION # 130
An organization has received complaints from a number of its customers that their data has been breached.
However, after an investigation, the organization cannot detect any indicators of compromise. The breach was MOST likely due to which type of attack?

  • A. Man-in the-middle attack
  • B. Zero-day attack
  • C. injection attack
  • D. Supply chain attack

Answer: D

Explanation:
Asupply chain attackoccurs when a threat actor compromises athird-party vendoror partner that an organization relies on. The attack is then propagated to the organization through trusted connections or software updates.
* Reason for Lack of Indicators of Compromise (IoCs):
* The attack often occursupstream(at a vendor), so the compromised organization may not detect any direct signs of breach.
* Trusted Components:Malicious code or backdoors may be embedded intrusted software updatesor services.
* Real-World Example:TheSolarWinds breach, where attackers compromised the software build pipeline, affecting numerous organizations without direct IoCs on their systems.
* Why Not the Other Options:
* B. Zero-day attack:Typically leaves some traces or unusual behavior.
* C. injection attack:Usually detectable through web application monitoring.
* D. Man-in-the-middle attack:Often leaves traces in network logs.
CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition References:
* Chapter 6: Advanced Threats and Attack Techniques:Discusses the impact of supply chain attacks.
* Chapter 9: Incident Response Planning:Covers the challenges of detecting supply chain compromises.


NEW QUESTION # 131
Which of the following is MOST likely to outline and communicate the organization's vulnerability management program?

  • A. Vulnerability assessment report
  • B. Policy
  • C. Guideline
  • D. Control framework

Answer: B

Explanation:
Apolicyis the most likely document to outline and communicate an organization's vulnerability management program.
* Purpose:Policies establish high-level principles and guidelines for managing vulnerabilities.
* Scope:Typically includes roles, responsibilities, frequency of assessments, and remediation processes.
* Communication:Policies are formal documents that are communicated across the organization to ensure consistent adherence.
* Governance:Ensures that vulnerability management practices align with organizational risk management objectives.
Incorrect Options:
* A. Vulnerability assessment report:Details specific findings, not the overarching management program.
* B. Guideline:Provides suggestions rather than mandates; less formal than a policy.
* D. Control framework:A broader structure that includes policies but does not specifically outline the vulnerability management program.
Exact Extract from CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition:
Refer to Chapter 5, Section "Vulnerability Management Program," Subsection "Policy Development" - A comprehensive policy defines the entire vulnerability management approach.


NEW QUESTION # 132
Which of the following controls would BEST prevent an attacker from accessing sensitive data from files or disk images that have been obtained either physically or via the network?

  • A. Encryption of data at rest
  • B. Next generation antivirus
  • C. Endpoint detection and response (EOR)
  • D. Data loss prevention (DLP)

Answer: A

Explanation:
Encryption of data at restis the best control to protectsensitive data from unauthorized access, even if physical or network access to the disk or file is obtained.
* Protection:Data remains unreadable without the proper encryption keys.
* Scenarios:Protects data from theft due to lost devices or compromised servers.
* Compliance:Often mandated by regulations (e.g., GDPR, HIPAA).
Incorrect Options:
* A. Next-generation antivirus:Detects malware, not data protection.
* B. Data loss prevention (DLP):Prevents data exfiltration but does not protect data at rest.
* C. Endpoint detection and response (EDR):Monitors suspicious activity but does not secure stored data.
Exact Extract from CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition:
Refer to Chapter 6, Section "Data Security Strategies," Subsection "Encryption Techniques" - Encryption of data at rest is essential for protecting sensitive information.


NEW QUESTION # 133
As part of a penetration testing program, which team facilitates education and training of architects and developers to encourage better security and awareness?

  • A. Orange team
  • B. Green team
  • C. Yellow team
  • D. Red team

Answer: A

Explanation:
TheOrange teamplays a crucial role in theeducation and training of architects and developersto promote better security awareness.
* Focus:Bridges the gap betweenoffensive security (Red Team)anddefensive security (Blue Team)by translating security testing results into actionable insights.
* Training and Awareness:Educates developers on secure coding practices and common vulnerabilities.
* Collaboration:Works with both offensive and defensive teams to improve security measures from a development perspective.
* Outcome:Helps architects and developers integrate secure practices into thesoftware development lifecycle (SDLC).
Other options analysis:
* B. Red team:Focuses on offensive operations to find vulnerabilities.
* C. Green team:No standard role exists by this name in the typical security team taxonomy.
* D. Yellow team:Not commonly used as a formal designation.
CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition References:
* Chapter 7: Red, Blue, and Orange Team Operations:Discusses the role of the Orange team in fostering secure development practices.
* Chapter 10: Secure Development Training:Highlights the importance of educating development teams.


NEW QUESTION # 134
The network team has provided a PCAP file withsuspicious activity located in the Investigations folderon the Desktop titled, investigation22.pcap.
What is the filename of the webshell used to control thehost 10.10.44.200? Your response must include the fileextension.

Answer:

Explanation:
See the solution in Explanation.
Explanation:
To identify thefilename of the webshellused to control the host10.10.44.200from the provided PCAP file, follow these detailed steps:
Step 1: Access the PCAP File
* Log into theAnalyst Desktop.
* Navigate to theInvestigationsfolder located on the desktop.
* Locate the file:
investigation22.pcap
Step 2: Open the PCAP File in Wireshark
* LaunchWiresharkon the Analyst Desktop.
* Open the PCAP file:
mathematica
File > Open > Desktop > Investigations > investigation22.pcap
* ClickOpento load the file.
Step 3: Filter Traffic Related to the Target Host
* Apply a filter to display only the traffic involving thetarget IP address (10.10.44.200):
ini
ip.addr == 10.10.44.200
* This will show both incoming and outgoing traffic from the compromised host.
Step 4: Identify HTTP Traffic
* Since webshells typically use HTTP/S for communication, filter for HTTP requests:
http.request and ip.addr == 10.10.44.200
* Look for suspiciousPOSTorGETrequests indicating a webshell interaction.
Common Indicators:
* Unusual URLs:Containing scripts like cmd.php, shell.jsp, upload.asp, etc.
* POST Data:Indicating command execution.
* Response Status:HTTP 200 (Success) after sending commands.
Step 5: Inspect Suspicious Requests
* Right-click on a suspicious HTTP packet and select:
arduino
Follow > HTTP Stream
* Examine the HTTP conversation for:
* File uploads
* Command execution responses
* Webshell file namesin the URL.
Example:
makefile
POST /uploads/shell.jsp HTTP/1.1
Host: 10.10.44.200
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Step 6: Correlate Observations
* If you identify a script like shell.jsp, verify it by checking multiple HTTP streams.
* Look for:
* Commands sent via the script.
* Response indicating successful execution or error.
Step 7: Extract and Confirm
* To confirm the filename, look for:
* Upload requests containing the webshell.
* Subsequent requests calling the same filename for command execution.
* Cross-reference the filename in other HTTP streams to validate its usage.
Step 8: Example Findings:
After analyzing the HTTP streams and reviewing requests to the host 10.10.44.200, you observe that the webshell file being used is:
shell.jsp
Final Answer:
shell.jsp
Step 9: Further Investigation
* Extract the Webshell:
* Right-click the related packet and choose:
mathematica
Export Objects > HTTP
* Save the file shell.jsp for further analysis.
* Analyze the Webshell:
* Open the file with a text editor to examine its functionality.
* Check for hardcoded credentials, IP addresses, or additional payloads.
Step 10: Documentation and Response
* Document Findings:
* Webshell Filename:shell.jsp
* Host Compromised:10.10.44.200
* Indicators:HTTP POST requests, suspicious file upload.
* Immediate Actions:
* Isolate the host10.10.44.200.
* Remove the webshell from the web server.
* Conduct aroot cause analysisto determine how it was uploaded.


NEW QUESTION # 135
......

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